In addition to the titled aristocracy and the wealthy, land owning commoners, there were also the clergy. Through good management, gifts from kings and magnates and frequent beguests in wills, the church had managed to obtain ownership of nearly a third of all land by the 14th century. Since the church was run by celibate priests and bishops, nearly all of these goodies stayed with the church and grew in prosperity and value from generation to generation. The higher ranking clergy, the archbishops, bishops and abbots, were considered, for all practical purposes, to be the equal of the nobility in rank. These clerical aristocrats were treated with the same pomp and defference given the titled nobility. The "clerical nobility" ran their estates in much the same way as the lay nobles. While the clergy were not as taken up by the desire for luxeries, or the need to pay gambling debts, they did have occasion to raise cash and also sold privileges to their tenants. Especially after the Bubonic Plague, the church had to offer a better deal to their tenants lest the church lands be left with no one to work them. While some of the monks and lower clergy worked the fields, most of them worked inside at more skilled occupation. The bulk of the agricultural work on church lands was done by serfs and tenant farmers.