The period of chaos, destruction and rebuilding from the fall of Rome in the 5th Century to the emergence of stable Germanic kingdoms and the full development of knights in the 9th Century. From that point, to the Renaissance in the 15th Century, is generally called the Medieval period. Thus the Dark Ages extended from the Fall of Rome in AD 476 to 800, when Charlemagne was crowned as the first Holy Roman Emperor. The Medieval period can then be taken as running from 800 to 1453, the year the Hundred Years War ended, and Constanople, and the Eastern Roman Empire, fell to the Turks.