This young woman was a mystic, a common enough calling in the period. Joan of Arc was not even a subject of the King of France (she came from Domremy, in the Duchy of Bar, a fief of the Holy Roman Empire, albeit nowadays part of France.) By force of personality, she convinced lay and clerical authorities that she had received visions from God and, in 1429, found herself an armed 17-year old leading an army to relieve the English siege of Orleans. She won, and went on to lead French armies to more victories, bringing about the coronation of the French crown prince as king Charles VII of France in Reims, newly liberated from the English. The following year she was captured by Burgundian forces, who sold her to their English allies. The English foolishly brought her before an Inquisitor in Rouen. She was condemned and burned as a heretic. This created a powerful martyr to the cause of French nationalism. In 1456, the pope overturned the conviction. She was proclaimed a saint early in the 20th century. The case of St. Joan was one of the more outrageous examples of church and civil authorities cooperating to serve mutual interests, and commit injustice.